A refrigerator colloquially fridge is a common household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump mechanical, electronic or chemical that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room. Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in modern countries. The lower temperature lowers the reproduction rate of bacteria, so the refrigerator decreases the rate of spoilage. A refrigerator maintains a temperature some degrees above the freezing point of water. Optimum temperature range for perishable food storage is three to five C 37 to 41 F .1 A alike device that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is called a freezer. The refrigerator replaced the icebox, which was a common household appliance for nearly a century and a half previous. For this reason, a refrigerator is on occasion called an icebox in American handling.
The 1st cooling systems for food involved using ice. fake refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and worked on in the early 1800s. In 1834, the 1st working vapor compression refrigeration system was built. The 1st commercial ice making machine has been invented in 1854. In 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. In 1923 Frigidaire presented the 1st self contained unit. The introduction of Freon in the 1920s extended the refrigerator market throughout the 1930s. Home freezers as separate compartments bigger than needed just for ice cubes were presented in 1940. Frozen foods, earlier a luxury item, became commonplace.
Freezer units were used in households and in business and commerce. Commercial refrigerator and freezer units were in use for nearly 40 years previous to the common home models. Most householdscitation needed use the freezer on top and refrigerator on bottom style, which was the basic style since the 1940s. A vapor compression cycle can be used in most household refrigerators, refrigeratorfreezers and freezers. Newer refrigerators may include auto defrosting, chilled water and ice from a dispenser in the door. Disposal of discarded refrigerators is regulated, frequently mandating the elimination of doors, kids playing hide and seek have been asphyxiated while hiding inside discarded refrigerators, especially older models with latching doors.
Domestic refrigerators and freezers for food storage are made in a range of sizes. Among the smallest is a four L Peltier refrigerator advertised as being able to hold six cans of beer. A big domestic refrigerator stands as tall as a person and can be about one m large with a capacity of 600 L. Refrigerators and freezers can be free standing, or built into a kitchen. The refrigerator lets the modern family to keep food new for longer than before. Freezers let people to purchase food in bulk and eat it at leisure, and bulk purchases save money.
A vapor compression cycle can be used in most household refrigerators, refrigeratorfreezers and freezers. In this cycle, a circulating refrigerant like R134a enters a compressor as low pressure vapor at or somewhat below the temperature of the refrigerator interior. The vapor is compressed and exits the compressor as high pressure superheated vapor. The superheated vapor travels under pressure through coils or tubes that make up the condenser, the coils or tubes are passively cooled by contact to air in the room. The condenser cools the vapor, which liquefies. As the refrigerant leaves the condenser, it's still under pressure but is only somewhat above room temperature. This liquid refrigerant is forced through a metering or throttling device, aka an expansion valve generally a pin hole sized constriction in the tubing to an area of lower pressure. The sudden decrease in pressure results in explosive like flash evaporation of a part usually about half of the liquid. The latent heat absorbed by this flash evaporation is drawn usually from bordering still liquid refrigerant, a phenomenon called auto refrigeration. This cold and partially vaporized refrigerant continues through the coils or tubes of the evaporator unit. A fan blows air from the refrigerator or freezer compartment "box air" across these coils or tubes and the refrigerant totally vaporizes, drawing more latent heat from the box air. This cooled air is returned to the refrigerator or freezer compartment, and so keeps the box air cold. Note that the cool air in the refrigerator or freezer is still warmer than the refrigerant in the evaporator. Refrigerant leaves the evaporator, now completely vaporized and somewhat heated, and returns to the compressor inlet to continue the cycle. Domestic refrigerators are very dependable because the moving parts and fluids are sealed from the atmosphere for life, with no possibility of leakage or contagion. In comparison, mechanically driven refrigeration compressors, like those in car air conditioning, inevitably leak liquid and lubricant past the shaft seals. This leads to a prerequisite for regular recharging and, if ignored, possible compressor failure.
An absorption refrigerator works differently from a compressor refrigerator, using a supply of heat, like combustion of liquefied petroleum gas, solar thermal energy or an electric heating element. These heat resources are much quieter than the compressor motor in a common refrigerator. A fan or pump may be the only mechanical moving parts, reliance on convection is regarded as impractical.
The Peltier effect uses electricity to pump heat directly, refrigerators employing this system are on occasion used for camping, or in situations where sound isn't satisfactory. They may be totally silent if a fan for air circulation isn't fitted but are less energy efficient than other techniques.
Other uses of an absorption refrigerator or "chiller" include big systems used in office buildings or complexes like hospitals and universities. These big systems were used to chill a brine solution that's circulated through the building.
Many modern refrigerator/freezers have the freezer on top and the refrigerator on the bottom. Most refrigerator freezersexcept for manual defrost models or cheaper unitsuse what seems to be two thermostats. Only the refrigerator compartment is properly temperature controlled. When the refrigerator gets too warm, the thermostat starts the cooling procedure and a fan circulates the air around the freezer. throughout this time, the refrigerator also gets colder. The freezer control handle only controls the amount of air that goes into the refrigerator via a damper system.11 Changing the refrigerator temperature will inadvertently change the freezer temperature in the reverse direction. Changing the freezer temperature will dont have effect on the refrigerator temperature. The freezer control can also be adjusted to reimburse for any refrigerator modification.
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that means the refrigerator may become too warm. but, because only enough air is diverted to the refrigerator compartment, the freezer typically re acquires the set temperature quickly, unless the door is opened. When a door is opened, either in the refrigerator or the freezer, the fan in some units stops now to prevent extreme frost build up on the freezer's evaporator coil, because this coil is cooling two regions. When the freezer reaches temperature, the unit cycles off, regardless what the refrigerator temperature is. Modern computerized refrigerators don't use the damper system. The computer manages fan speed for both compartments, though air is still blown from the freezer.
some manufacturers, like Sub Zero,12 Sun Frost,13 and Miele14 offer dual compressor models. These models have separate freezer and refrigerator compartments that operate independently of each other, on occasion mounted inside a single cabinet. Each has own separate compressor, condenser and evaporator coils, insulation, thermostat, and door. usually, the compressors and condenser coils are mounted at the top of the cabinet, with a single fan to cool them both.
This design, where no air passes between the two compartments, gives for more proper humidity levels and much tighter temperature control in each compartment. It also requires less energy to operate, since each compressor & coolant system may be optimized for a particular temperature range. more, opening the door of one compartment doesn't influence the temperature of the air or humidity level in the other compartment. , it avoids many of the disadvantages of the more common single compressor designs portrayed above, though at a higher initial cost and increased system sound. Manufacturers of such designs argue that the increased cost is compensated over time caused by reduced energy use and less food waste caused by reduced spoilage.
